Consultant's Knowledge of CBT Architecture:
Project Proposal of IMI Systems and United Airlines
for Instructional Systems Design
by Leanne C. Boyd
INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN
BASED ON INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ADVANCES
- It is my experience that a primary goal for web-delivered learning, is that the courseware can be used to sustain a variety of courses, including training courses run by training
service departments such as those at United Airlines
- The challenge of designing learning materials for such a diverse group, is to make the materials accessible to all classes of users, while maintaining a high degree of "specialism"
- My experience has taught me that whether the learning environment is CBT-based or delivered via Internet/Intranet, the ISD process involved for digital settings has taken on new directives that don’t DENY traditional methods but alter them to fit new learning means and methods. I strive to accomplish one goal, which is: The closer to the end user, the more
powerful the return. This is because when response time goes down, quality goes up and costs go down
- It is my knowledge that ISD is a fairly prescriptive approach to designing materials. Although many critics feel that ISD and hypermedia are inconsistent, they actually are mutually supportive
- Hypermedia and the web-based delivery that is being considered for United Airline
training systems will have a malleable structure
- Virtually any instructional design can be mapped onto the knowledge base
- Such a Hypermedia systems will provide a rich and powerful instructional design
environment
- Because of the collaborative capabilities of many hypermedia systems, users
become designers of instruction themselves, so that the gap between users and
designers disappears
- I bring experience in working in an environment where learners and designers will
begin to co-author the strategies of content
- My experience is to help and allow for such a quality total-team environment

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE OF INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN
BASED ON INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ADVANCES
- I have direct experience in the fact that information technology (IT) has been transfigured in just the space of a decade into a workgroup- and personal computing-centered function, with a focus on adding value in "real time." My work has been centered within those technologies for that decade.
- My most recent experience with the changing nature of instructional systems design, as well as the new tendency to incorporate training into a Web-based setting, was my recent Project
Lead with Lucent Technologies. From May to October of 1998, I developed an interactive
website that delivered training and informational materials to technicians worldwide.
The project was derived from instructional content that previously was delivered (also
via the Internet) in a scrollable PDF file. Lucent’s desire was to "excavate" this
file, which was utilized by few (a long, scrolling document is difficult to control or use),
and develop an interactive, task-based website. The overlying goal was to deliver
technical information and instruction for equipment use, in a navigable form via the Web.
The format intentionally was never laid out in a traditional ISD manner. Because of the
availability of the Internet and its research capabilities, this model was never locked
into "the same instruction each and every time" description. Yet, all the while, I
could see the possibilities of re-constructing certain areas of the content to meet the needs
for testing or evaluation. It was important for me to see that this large corporation
desired to take advantage of the strengths of new media, all the while leaving standard
ISD possibilities open for future expansion of the learning environment.
- I have been directly involved in the use of computers to provide an integrated environment for teaching a variety of disciplines, in recent years
- I have worked with many frameworks, or models that have been developed for these purposes
- I have experience in working with courseware that has varied greatly, from the
provision of lecture notes and support material, through to integrated and interactive
tutorial packages
- I have worked with courseware that has existed as stand alone packages (CBT/single
station, kiosk)
- Since the advent of the World Wide Web (WWW) on the Internet, I have worked
extensively with collaborative creation of distance learning modes

THE INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGNER’S ROLE
- My instructional design experience has included the roles of both Researcher and Practitioner. In fact, it is my belief that the dividing line has become hazy.
- The "Practitioner" must also be a "Researcher," in order to maintain a fully developed set of design skills
- My career has proven that the designer must turn to the delivery system in order to design that which will be delivered – the instructional product. In other words, one must turn to the Internet to glean further information, in order to be able to effectively construct a learning architecture that will also be Web- or Internet-based
- I have observed in my involvement in ID projects that more final products will be Internet-based. To effectively design the instructional environment, the designer must be familiar with not just the content and the architecture being created, but also the architecture of the delivery system
- It is my knowledge that we are entering an era where it is no longer feasible to treat the learner as if the only thing expected is a verbatim delivery of "things learned."
- In CBT and web-based learning environments, I implement structures that emphasize not only the "required behaviors" that will propel the future of technology, education, and
commerce. It is my belief that higher skills of deep thinking will also be required of those being trained
- My experience with a traditional model, Gagné's sequence of Instructional Events (based on the hypothesized sequence of internal stages of information processing acquired from studies of cognitive processes) has led me to believe that a prescriptive design model is not always a preferred choice.
- Instead, I have attempted to provide a framework based on
well-grounded instructional strategies
- This allows for individual course designers to develop an exchange about design
strategies.
- The tools provide a common ground for collaboration.
- This avenue would incorporate the best of tools and team workmanship for the
instructional design changes that are anticipated by United Airlines.

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